Political Dynamics of Law and the Development of State Institutions in the Perspective of Islamic Constitutionalism

Abstract

This study analyzes the development of political law and state institutions in Indonesia after the 1998 Reform from the perspective of Islamic constitutionalism. Using a juridical-normative and historical approach, the research finds that constitutional amendments significantly reshaped Indonesia’s governance through stronger democratic principles, the establishment of independent institutions, the implementation of checks and balances, and the expansion of regional autonomy. Key reforms included limiting executive power and strengthening legislative and judicial institutions, as well as creating bodies such as the Constitutional Court, Judicial Commission, and Corruption Eradication Commission. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including overlapping institutional authority, political interference, bureaucratic inefficiency, and inconsistencies in legal reform. From an Islamic constitutional perspective, political law should promote justice, public welfare, accountability, and deliberation, values that are consistent with a modern constitutional state based on the rule of law, power oversight, and the protection of citizens’ rights